Here is the equipment list that I have wrote out for what we will need for filming the multi camera production Hairspray.
Thursday, 11 June 2015
Floor Plan
Here is the floor plan that I have drew out showing where everything is for the multi camera production HairSpray. I have shown where the scenery is, the audience , the equipment and the lights.
Crew List
Here is the list of the crew who was involved in filming the multi camera production HairSpray.
Risk Assessment
Here is our Risk Assessment showing the Risks we must not take whilst filming the multi camera production Hair Spray
Recce Sheet
Here is the Recce Sheet for the filming of our Multi Camera production HairSpray showing the Shooting Information, Lighting Information, Sound Information and the Power Information.
Wednesday, 3 June 2015
Multi Camera Graham Norton
The Graham Norton show is a multi camera show, the reason why this is a multi camera show is that they have 4-5 cameras all set up in various positions which enable different shots and edits. One of the cameras will be on Graham Norton who is the presenter of the show. Another one of the cameras which is on the guests and this will move from one guest to the other when they are talking and it will focus it on two guests. There will be a camera that gets a shot of everyone who is on the chat show and the last camera will be on a crane and this will be capturing shots of the audience and also all the acts walking onto the show. The main reason why this and other chat shows are filmed in a multi camera set up is because it is a rolling show with it being shot with multiple cameras they will not have to stop start things and capture things from different angles as this would consume to much time.
With a show like the Graham Norton Show they will usually cover soft news stories and they won’t talk about hard hitting subjects as this show is intended to be fun and also have a bit of humour added to it as well. The Graham Norton Show is one of the biggest shows that the BBC make and they will usually only have the A kist celebrities such as John Bishop, For example as you can see in the clip they have John Bishop who is one of the biggest comedians in the world and is well known they will use him to promote a new tour of his if he announces one during that week they will bring him on the show to try and promote it and gather some information about his latest tour. They also have Chris Prat on there who will be on the show to promote the new Jurassic World film and he will ask questions about the new film and usually on these talk shows they will have a sneak peak at the film as well. Melissa McCarthy ad Judie Law are also on the show and they have got them on the show to promote there new film which is going to be released soon Spy. Everyone who is on the Talk Show they will all be interviewed together and this is done so the guests have time to interact with each other. Where as on a program like the Jonathan Ross Show they interview everyone separately on there. With this being filmed in a studio there isn’t much room to manuever or that much space for the equipment ether and when there is an outdoor event people have to be very careful of wires and tripods.
This us a plan for the cameras for the Graham Norton Show or how I think it looks like. I think there could be more cameras there or even the cameras might not be on trackers unlike all the news channels that have them on trackers. There is also a camera on a crane and this is used to capture Graham and all the celebrities walking onto the show at the start.
Tuesday, 2 June 2015
Multi Camera Techniques Music Concerts
Live Music Concerts
This is a tracking shot of the crowd and this is showing audience participation and also to create an atmosphere.
This is a reverse angle shot captured at the side of the band and this is a shot that creates an atmosphere for the viewer who is at home.
This is a close up which is captured at the font of the stage and this shot shows Matt Healeys facial expression and because his eyes are closed this could mean that he is losed in the music.
Coverage
The coverage of a live music event is similar to a live sporting event but the only difference is with a live music event such as Glastonbury there are around 7 cameras at a stage. They use 2 cameras on the stage capturing shots if the band and capturing Reverse Angle shots. There are 2 cameras in front of the stage and these cameras are used to capture the opening establishing shot of the band at the start and then the on screen graphic will pop up on screen to show what band is playing and also what song they will be playing as well and this is to inform the audience. There are also 2 cameras in the crowd and there jobs are to capture shots of the crowd and this will then give a sense of atmosphere at Glastonbury and this can also show that there is Audience Participation at Glastonbury. There is also a camera on a crane and what this camera does is captures shots of the whole of Glastonbury with everyone in it and then it will gradually zoom in slowly to the band who is playing.
Communication of Meaning to the Viewer
In Glastonbury they communicate to the viewer by having on screen graphics which show the names of the presenters at the start of the show. They also do this by having the on screen graphics for who's playing on stage next and they will always have one for what song that the band will be playing next and this informs the audience and this could show communication to the audience as well.
Visual Style
Here is a photograph of the Glastonbury studio from the festival in 2005 and as you can see again it is very similar to the one at Sky Sports it isn't anything really fancy its got a big sofa with a table in the middle. The sofa is a reasonably big size because usually they will have guests on there such as bands who have already performed at Glastonbury and they will be asking them questions about what was it like performing at Glastonbury in front of that many fans. There is the Glastonbury logo on the television there which is in block capitals the Glastonbury 2005 and this is a digital on screen graphic. There are always 2 people presenting it one being a male and one being a female where as Sky Sports has only 1 person presenting.
Maintaining Viewers Interest
On glastonbury they try to maintain the viewers interest differently to what they do on a football match. They will maintain it by having on screen graphics of what band is playing and what songs they will be playing and this is to inform the audience of the band and the song they will be playing. They also maintain the viewers interest by having bands on set with them after they have performed and they will interview them on set trying to get there views of what its like to play at Glastonbury. They will also ask them questions about where they next could be touring and also if they have got any new album plans or anything like this and this maintains the viewers interest because if they like the band this will keep them watching the program.
Constraints of Studio or Location Environment
At Glastonbury they don't just film on stage, they will be filming all over Glastonbury trying to create an atmosphere by capturing shots of the crowd. They will also film at the back of the crowd and they will use a camera on a crane to get shots of everyone at Glastonbury and this will then zoom into the band after this. The Location Environment for Glastonbury is they will be live at Glastonbury and the set will be at Glastonbury and this is enables them to interview the acts at Glastonbury and this also keeps people interested in the program.
Here is how I envisaged where all the cameras would be placed at Glastonbury music festival and as you can see I have included a key to show where I think there placed.
Multi Camera Use
Within a live music concert or a festival such as Glastonbury it is similar to filming a football event as it is done live with no editing involved. There are around about 7 cameras at Glastonbury capturing every moment as it happens. There are around 2 cameras on stage filming from left of the band and the right of the band and these are Reverse Angle Shots. There are 2 cameras in front of the stage getting close up shots of the main singer and this is to show the singers emotions at the start and also show him lost in the music and this will also bring out the singers facial expressions. There is a crane shots at the start as the band is just about to start the next song and this is a wide angle shot which gets everyone in the shot and this will slowly zoom in to the band who is playing and it will cut to a shot of the singer in the band. There is an on screen graphic showing who the band is and what song they will be playing next. There is a focus pull right at the start of the video which focus pulls to the man on the guitar then it pulls to the main singer. There is also audience participation as well as the band try and get the crowd involved with the song as well and this is to create an atmosphere. A music festival is very similar to how Sky film a football match because they are both done live so there is no editing that takes place. Although there are more cameras in a football match they still similar things such as shots of the crowd to try and create an atmosphere. There us also the use of the spider cam in both to capture shots of the crowd and show audience participation. They both use Reverse angle shots such as in a live football match there are Reverse Angle shots from behind the goal. Where as in a live music event there are Reverse Angle shots of the band showing the drummer and the guitarist from the left and right of the stage.
This is a tracking shot of the crowd and this is showing audience participation and also to create an atmosphere.
This is a reverse angle shot captured at the side of the band and this is a shot that creates an atmosphere for the viewer who is at home.
This is a close up which is captured at the font of the stage and this shot shows Matt Healeys facial expression and because his eyes are closed this could mean that he is losed in the music.
The coverage of a live music event is similar to a live sporting event but the only difference is with a live music event such as Glastonbury there are around 7 cameras at a stage. They use 2 cameras on the stage capturing shots if the band and capturing Reverse Angle shots. There are 2 cameras in front of the stage and these cameras are used to capture the opening establishing shot of the band at the start and then the on screen graphic will pop up on screen to show what band is playing and also what song they will be playing as well and this is to inform the audience. There are also 2 cameras in the crowd and there jobs are to capture shots of the crowd and this will then give a sense of atmosphere at Glastonbury and this can also show that there is Audience Participation at Glastonbury. There is also a camera on a crane and what this camera does is captures shots of the whole of Glastonbury with everyone in it and then it will gradually zoom in slowly to the band who is playing.
Communication of Meaning to the Viewer
In Glastonbury they communicate to the viewer by having on screen graphics which show the names of the presenters at the start of the show. They also do this by having the on screen graphics for who's playing on stage next and they will always have one for what song that the band will be playing next and this informs the audience and this could show communication to the audience as well.
Visual Style
Here is a photograph of the Glastonbury studio from the festival in 2005 and as you can see again it is very similar to the one at Sky Sports it isn't anything really fancy its got a big sofa with a table in the middle. The sofa is a reasonably big size because usually they will have guests on there such as bands who have already performed at Glastonbury and they will be asking them questions about what was it like performing at Glastonbury in front of that many fans. There is the Glastonbury logo on the television there which is in block capitals the Glastonbury 2005 and this is a digital on screen graphic. There are always 2 people presenting it one being a male and one being a female where as Sky Sports has only 1 person presenting.
Maintaining Viewers Interest
On glastonbury they try to maintain the viewers interest differently to what they do on a football match. They will maintain it by having on screen graphics of what band is playing and what songs they will be playing and this is to inform the audience of the band and the song they will be playing. They also maintain the viewers interest by having bands on set with them after they have performed and they will interview them on set trying to get there views of what its like to play at Glastonbury. They will also ask them questions about where they next could be touring and also if they have got any new album plans or anything like this and this maintains the viewers interest because if they like the band this will keep them watching the program.
Constraints of Studio or Location Environment
At Glastonbury they don't just film on stage, they will be filming all over Glastonbury trying to create an atmosphere by capturing shots of the crowd. They will also film at the back of the crowd and they will use a camera on a crane to get shots of everyone at Glastonbury and this will then zoom into the band after this. The Location Environment for Glastonbury is they will be live at Glastonbury and the set will be at Glastonbury and this is enables them to interview the acts at Glastonbury and this also keeps people interested in the program.
Here is how I envisaged where all the cameras would be placed at Glastonbury music festival and as you can see I have included a key to show where I think there placed.
Monday, 1 June 2015
Multi Cam Techniques Live Sport
Live Sport
This is a tracking shot of the footballer taking the corner kick and this is to show who it is taking the corner and this can be done to create an atmosphere if it is been watched at home or at a pub.
This is a close up of the footballers celebrating and this is to show who scored the goal and also to create more of an atmosphere as the goal has just been scored.
Coverage
Constraints of studio or Location environment
Multi Camera Use
Within sports such as football when sky show a live premier league game they have around 24 cameras and this is to add better coverage top the game. In the ground there are a variety of different angles where they place the cameras some are placed around the ground. Some of the cameras are pitch side to catch all of the action such as tackles, goals, throw ins, corners. The main job of the cameras are to capture the excitement in the game and the crowd add to this with the chants in the background and also when the team they support scores this also adds to the excitement of the game. The cameras also get close up to the action and this is done usually done on Sky Sports when there has a goal gone in the cameras around the ground are able to show the goal at a lot of different angles such as close up or at an angle such as behind the goal and this gets the facial expression of the footballer and sometimes the camera will pick up what the footballer may have said. In sporting events such as the world cup the spider camera was introduced to get shots from behind the player and also the spider camera is used for when a team is given a penalty kick or to show the crowd celebrating there national team scoring or before kick off the national anthems are played they use the spider camera to show the crowd singing along to there national anthem. In a football match there are lots of different shots its usually a mid shot. But when there is a corner or a free kick it cuts to a close up on the player. Or it will cut to a shot of the crowd and they do this to create an atmosphere.
This is a tracking shot of the footballer taking the corner kick and this is to show who it is taking the corner and this can be done to create an atmosphere if it is been watched at home or at a pub.
This is a close up of the footballers celebrating and this is to show who scored the goal and also to create more of an atmosphere as the goal has just been scored.
Coverage
Sky Sports is the biggest sporting channel for showing Premier League and Champions League football matches and they have one of the biggest television deals to show the Premier League ever which was signed this year. It is Sky Sports to give the best coverage for football games and they have been growing with the recent HD channels which lets you watch the football in High Definition and recently the 3D channel which lets you watch the football in 3D. Sky Sports have 24 cameras capturing all the football action and all these cameras are scattered all over the ground some being pitch side some being in the stands near the fans. The ones pitch side are able to capture all the moments you miss say for example if there is a foul that one camera wasn't able to capture then it will be shown on the replay and one of the biggest examples of this was the Zidane Headbutt which was missed on live television but other cameras in the ground were able to capture it and this is one of the most famous red cards in World Cup History. Also recently one of them cameras is goal line technology which is a small camera in every premier league ground to stop all the controversy of wether the ball has crossed the line or not. Finally there is also the spider camera which was introduced in the 2010 World Cup and Sky now use it and this is used to capture footage of the fans and also when a team has a penalty kick this camera is used to focus on the player taking the penalty and this adds tension.
Communication of meaning to the viewer
The communication of Sky to the viewer is important and Sky do this by when it is the start of the program they show the names of the experts and ex footballers who are on the program for that match. For example with the recent Manchester United vs Arsenal game they had a neutral pundit this being Graham Souness, Michael Carrick was there watching the game who is a current Manchester United player but was injured for this game, Also there was Thierry Henry who is an Arsenal legend. This catches the communication to the viewer and keeps them watching the program at half time because Ed Chamberlain will ask them both questions to get both of there opinions and let the battle against each other. The program also communicates to the audience by showing all the stats from the game such as which team has had the most possession of the ball, or the head to head stats on the players such as which striker has scored more goals in the season. They also have the betting adverts now which have odds for the match such as Rooney to score first at 10/1.
Visual Style
The visual style of the Sky Sports studio isn't fancy it only has a table with a few chairs which is nothing fancy. The studio usually has one of the best views of the game though and sometimes they even have the studio pitch side depending on how big the game is and there are no filters in the studio. What the studio does have though is it has graphics and these are usually coloured in blue which is a very manly colour. Sky Sports also have there logo right in the middle of the table that they sit at which is very eye catching and is bold writing with the title of the program Super Sunday underneath it. There is also a sense of reality and authority on the program.
Maintaing the Viewers Interest
Sky sports maintain the viewers interests on the program most of the time as this is the reason behind them been given the biggest sporting television deal to show the premier league football. They maintain the viewers interests by showing on screen motion graphics and these could be the stats of the players such as the Manchester United and Arsenal game they would compare the two biggest signings of the summer them being Angel Di Maria for Manchester United and Alexis Sanchez for Arsenal they would compare there seasons and have a debate about them and this keeps the viewers interested and they could then go and have this debate with maybe one of there friends. They also keep the viewers interested by showing statistics such as player comparisons to what the different sets of players have won. Another way they keep the viewers interest is the commentary of the game such as if its Gary Neville and Jamie Carragher commentating on a game then this will keep the viewers interested as these two don't really like each other and give banter to each other and this keeps people interested in the game as well. The commentary keeps people entertained for example when they say its Shire power in that strike this can be used as a metaphor for war and males liking violence and this also adds to the viewers interest
Constraints of studio or Location environment
When Sky Sports are showing a live football match they aren't just filming on a stage they are filming all over the ground such as some camera operators will be filming pitch side and some will be filming in the stands and there is also sometimes someone filming from above. There is now the spider camera which has been introduced into the premier league which isn't usually used to show the players this is used to get footage of the crowd for when a team scores or nearly scores. The studio that is used in Sky Sports isn't big they are really crammed in a box with just a big table and chairs with the Sky Sports Logo in the middle of it. The location Environment is usually they are live at the football ground they are playing at. On Sky Sports Super Sunday they have 2 games one that kicks off at 1:30pm and one that kicks off at 4:00pm and they will broadcast from the ground that kicks off at 4:00pm. They will also have cameras at the 1:30pm kick off as well so they are able to broadcast it live on television.
Here is how I have envisaged how the studio and the football pitch would have all there cameras. Within the studio there will be 3 cameras. Within the football ground Sky have 24 cameras inside the ground covering the football match.
Monday, 18 May 2015
Multi Cam Anaylsis
Studio
Sound
Vision Mixer
Director
Producer
Autoque
Floor Management
Floor Manager-Control
Camera Operator
Runner- Organised- Positive- Shouted at- Problems
Make Up
Lighting
Junior Rigger (Cable Basher)
Talent
Warm Up Act
Audio Suprivisor
The Audio Suprivisor has the mammoth task of mixing all the sounds together and understanding all the technical aspects of music. They also require engineering expertise as well and also the ability to be able to make decisions when sound is good and when sound is bad. Most of this though can take place during pre production when you are gathering all the information about the the performers and instruments and then he can set up the sound deck for the performer.
Auto Cue
A Teleprompter which is fixed into the camera tripod which has an camera attached to it. It is a one way mirror that reflects a mirrored version of the text in a way so the presenter can read it while they are staring into the camera and the presenter is acting like they know what they are going on about. Auto Cue is manned by someone in the gallery by using a scroller to scroll the txt down so the presenter can read it.
Vision Mixer
The Vision Mixer works with the director to bring all the camera shots together so they can create a sequence on any show that is recorded on multiple cameras which is ether live on television or is recorded before they go live on television on a vision mixing desk. They also cut and mix different camera shots and also overlay graphics and also play in tapes all under instructions of the director.
Director
The majority of the directors work happens during the pre production stage such as working out camera shots and also camera positions. During the production the director is in charge of all the personal on the studio, floor and the gallery working along side the producer, vision mixer and also the floor manager. A good director will have the skills to be able to understand all the different aspects of television and post production and also to be able to lead a team a motivate the cast.
Producer
The producers has the responsibility for the overall quality of the program and ensuring that they meet the broadcasters standards that they set. The producer is responsible for the editorial and also the visual aspects of the programme. The also help out with the writing and the preparation of scripts and also they direct presenters and cameras in the studio. To become a producer you would have to have experience in the lower level production jobs, problem solving and also to compile with regulations.
Floor Manager
The floor manager is in charge of running the set on the floor and also making sure that all props are safe and ready to use when there needed. They have a link towards the director and gallery to pass on cues and floor movements to presenters, crew and also to make sure that all timings are met insuring the broadcast will run smoothly.
Runner
The runner is the lowest ranked job within the film industry but is one of the most important in the film industry. Runners basically run information from the director and producers to anyone who requires this information. talent liaison, treating and seeing to the needs of the talent and being general dogs body. The runner has to have a positive attitude, be fit and also have self confidence to prove themselves and also be very good at solving problems.
Talent
The talent is the overview who appears on the screen on the multi camera production. This could include presenters and also experts in there fields and this could also apply to the general public. The certain job applications differ from and that can depend on the talents role in the production. The general public and also the experts are usually the guests on the show and there responsibilities are usually to answer questions on the show and an example of this could be the BBC news.
Camera Operator
The camera operator is known as one of the most important jobs seeing as this is what the audience will be shown on live TV and if there are any issues the audience will be able to spot them. The camera operator usually takes all there instructions from the director who will be in the gallery. The instructions that they will be given are for when they should zoom in, zoom out, pan to the left and right and those instructions will go to each individual. Sometimes for example like on Sky Sports News they don’t have a camera operator anymore they have cameras set up on tracks which are controlled electronically and all the directions will be programmed into the camera.
Presenters
Presenters are there to give a face to face show presenters come in different forms from news presenters to Saturday night live productions and they all require different skills for each job. What a news presenter does is hosts, reads the news, interviews and also reports on issues and also events in the media. To be able to be successful in this job you need to have a strong personality and also be able to communicate and understand the production process. You also need to be able to add a sense of performance to the job and also be able to handle stress. You need these skills when working on a Saturday live show and some of the skills needed for this are engaging the audience and also having a sense of humour.
Junior Rigger
The junior rigger is also known as the cable basher which are trainee jobs within production and they involve you running around with the camera man laying the cable behind him making sure they don’t trip, you have to be really fit for this job as it involves a lot of running around.
Make Up Artist
A make up artists main job is to make sure that the talent on screen looks presentable at all times even when it is 6 in the morning and they are presenting the news they always have to look there best. They also have a big responsibility of of interpreting the make up requirements and also of the client and the need to use there initiative to decide whats best for the client as well so they will look there best on screen. The make up artist also takes into account the heat of the lights on set and the HD cameras used as these will show up lines and the wrinkles so the make up artist has to take this into account.
Lighting
The lighting technicians job is important as well they are required to set up lights to give an atmosphere to the set depending on the scene or type of show being filmed. The time of day is also a factor as the technician has to set up for a certain time of day. Being a light technician is a very high level job requiring creative skill and also making sure lights are in the correct position. They also need to be able to do manual labor with heavy lighting rigs and also be conscious about cables and health and safety.
Warm Up Act
A warm up acts responsibility is to warm up the crowd before the main act is on and they do this by keeping the crowd occupied while the crew gets ready for the main show for example like the voice which is a pre recorded show and isn’t done live on television. If the show requires an audience participation then the warm up act will just explain what the audience should do to react and these are mostly people with a positive attitude and usually have a bit of character.
Vision Mixer
The Vision Mixer works with the director to bring all the camera shots together so they can create a sequence on any show that is recorded on multiple cameras which is ether live on television or is recorded before they go live on television on a vision mixing desk. They also cut and mix different camera shots and also overlay graphics and also play in tapes all under instructions of the director.
Director
The majority of the directors work happens during the pre production stage such as working out camera shots and also camera positions. During the production the director is in charge of all the personal on the studio, floor and the gallery working along side the producer, vision mixer and also the floor manager. A good director will have the skills to be able to understand all the different aspects of television and post production and also to be able to lead a team a motivate the cast.
Producer
The producers has the responsibility for the overall quality of the program and ensuring that they meet the broadcasters standards that they set. The producer is responsible for the editorial and also the visual aspects of the programme. The also help out with the writing and the preparation of scripts and also they direct presenters and cameras in the studio. To become a producer you would have to have experience in the lower level production jobs, problem solving and also to compile with regulations.
Floor Manager
The floor manager is in charge of running the set on the floor and also making sure that all props are safe and ready to use when there needed. They have a link towards the director and gallery to pass on cues and floor movements to presenters, crew and also to make sure that all timings are met insuring the broadcast will run smoothly.
Runner
The runner is the lowest ranked job within the film industry but is one of the most important in the film industry. Runners basically run information from the director and producers to anyone who requires this information. talent liaison, treating and seeing to the needs of the talent and being general dogs body. The runner has to have a positive attitude, be fit and also have self confidence to prove themselves and also be very good at solving problems.
Talent
The talent is the overview who appears on the screen on the multi camera production. This could include presenters and also experts in there fields and this could also apply to the general public. The certain job applications differ from and that can depend on the talents role in the production. The general public and also the experts are usually the guests on the show and there responsibilities are usually to answer questions on the show and an example of this could be the BBC news.
Camera Operator
The camera operator is known as one of the most important jobs seeing as this is what the audience will be shown on live TV and if there are any issues the audience will be able to spot them. The camera operator usually takes all there instructions from the director who will be in the gallery. The instructions that they will be given are for when they should zoom in, zoom out, pan to the left and right and those instructions will go to each individual. Sometimes for example like on Sky Sports News they don’t have a camera operator anymore they have cameras set up on tracks which are controlled electronically and all the directions will be programmed into the camera.
Presenters
Presenters are there to give a face to face show presenters come in different forms from news presenters to Saturday night live productions and they all require different skills for each job. What a news presenter does is hosts, reads the news, interviews and also reports on issues and also events in the media. To be able to be successful in this job you need to have a strong personality and also be able to communicate and understand the production process. You also need to be able to add a sense of performance to the job and also be able to handle stress. You need these skills when working on a Saturday live show and some of the skills needed for this are engaging the audience and also having a sense of humour.
Junior Rigger
The junior rigger is also known as the cable basher which are trainee jobs within production and they involve you running around with the camera man laying the cable behind him making sure they don’t trip, you have to be really fit for this job as it involves a lot of running around.
Make Up Artist
A make up artists main job is to make sure that the talent on screen looks presentable at all times even when it is 6 in the morning and they are presenting the news they always have to look there best. They also have a big responsibility of of interpreting the make up requirements and also of the client and the need to use there initiative to decide whats best for the client as well so they will look there best on screen. The make up artist also takes into account the heat of the lights on set and the HD cameras used as these will show up lines and the wrinkles so the make up artist has to take this into account.
Lighting
The lighting technicians job is important as well they are required to set up lights to give an atmosphere to the set depending on the scene or type of show being filmed. The time of day is also a factor as the technician has to set up for a certain time of day. Being a light technician is a very high level job requiring creative skill and also making sure lights are in the correct position. They also need to be able to do manual labor with heavy lighting rigs and also be conscious about cables and health and safety.
Warm Up Act
A warm up acts responsibility is to warm up the crowd before the main act is on and they do this by keeping the crowd occupied while the crew gets ready for the main show for example like the voice which is a pre recorded show and isn’t done live on television. If the show requires an audience participation then the warm up act will just explain what the audience should do to react and these are mostly people with a positive attitude and usually have a bit of character.
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